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Topic: Duchy of Bohemia (40 records)

Battle of Chlumec (1126)

A battle between the armies of Duke of Bohemia Soběslav I and King of the Romans Lothair III that took place on 18 February 1126 near a fort in the Chlumec municipality, near Ústí nad Labem. One of the most famous battles in the period of the Duchy of Bohemia.

Boleslaus I

Duke of Bohemia in 935–967/972. Due to numerous acts of cruelty, including the murder of his brother Saint Wenceslaus, he was nicknamed “the Cruel”. His strong, almost 40-year-long rule contributed to the preservation of Bohemia.

Boleslaus II

Duke of Bohemia in 967/972–999. After initial successes, his government eventually led Bohemia to its first large crisis.

Boleslaus III

Duke of Bohemia between 999 and 1002 and briefly again in 1003. His rule by force and dependence on other rulers deepened the crisis in Bohemia at the turn of the century.

Bolesław I the Brave

Duke of Poland between 992 and 1025 and the first King of Poland in 1025. In 1003 and 1004 he was also Duke of Bohemia. He was one of the most significant medieval rulers of Poland and at the turn on the millennia he also strongly influenced Czech history.

Bořivoj I

The first historically attested Duke of Bohemia from the Přemyslid dynasty. He accepted Christianity and laid the foundations of medieval Bohemia.

Bořivoj II

Duke of Bohemia from 1100 until 1107 and from 1117 until 1120. His reign marked the beginning of a long struggle for the throne between the members of the House of Přemyslid, with increasing interventions by the Roman rulers.

Břetislav I

Duke of Bohemia from 1034 until 1055, known as “Bohemian Achilles” because of his gallantry. He is one of the most important reformers of early medieval Bohemia.

Břetislav II

Duke of Bohemia from 1092 until 1100, the first of the four sons of Vratislaus II, who took the ducal throne in the following decades.

Castle system

Administrative system in Bohemia from the 10th until the first half of the 13th century consisting of a system of ducal castles. A similar system existed in Hungary and Poland as well.

Colonisation of the Czech lands in the Middle Ages

The process of settling the previously uninhabited parts of Bohemia and Moravia in the 12th and 13th centuries, which marked a fundamental quantitative and qualitative changes in the local population. It also laid the foundation of the current system of Czech villages and towns.

Conrad I of Brno

Duke of Bohemia in 1092. Even several decades before his reign, he significantly interfered with the politics of the Duchy.

Conrad II Otto

Duke of Bohemia between 1189 and 1191 and one of the most distinct figures from the line of Moravian Přemyslids.

Crusades and the Czech lands

Medieval religious wars sponsored by the Catholic Church and waged against members of other religions and heretics. Soldiers from the Czech lands participated in many of them, but in the 15th century Bohemian itself was the target of crusaders.

Frederick (Duke)

Duke of Bohemia between 1172 and 1173 and again between 1178 and 1189. A weak leader whose dependence on the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire resulted in a serious danger to the integrity of the Bohemian state.

Henry Bretislaus

Duke of Bohemia between 1193 and 1197, the only ruler in Czech history to simultaneously hold the function of the bishop of Prague. He was a very ambitious, although unscrupulous politician and a capable conspirator.

Christianisation of the Czech lands

A process lasting several centuries during which the inhabitants of the Czech lands converted from the previous pagan tradition to the Christian faith and became a part of the Western Christian tradition.

Jaromír (Duke)

Duke of Bohemia in 1003, 1004–1012 and 1033–1035. His tragic life illustrates the depth of the crisis of the Bohemian state and the Přemyslid dynasty at the turn of the millennium.

Oldřich (Duke)

Duke of Bohemia between 1012 and 1033, and again in 1034. He managed to overcome the crisis in Bohemia at the turn of the millennium and reclaim Moravia.

Ottokar I of Bohemia

Duke of Bohemia in 1192–1193 and 1197–1198, King of Bohemia in 1198–1230. One of the most successful Medieval Czech rulers. He made Bohemia a hereditary kingdom and began the process of country’s transformation into a High Medieval state.

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