Important document issued on 9 July 1609 by Emperor Rudolf II, which confirmed religion freedom for the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Bohemia. It was the most progressive document related to religious freedom in Europe at the time.
Queen of Bohemia and Hungary between 1740 and 1780, titular Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (as the wife of the Emperor) between 1745 and 1780. She was the only woman on the throne of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Her reign over the Czech lands was a period of large and significant changes towards modern bureaucratic state.
Sociologist, philosopher and the first president of the independent Czechoslovak Republic after 1918. He was a political icon and a symbol of moral integrity who still has an influence on the norms of democratic discussion and political rhetoric as the central figure of Czech 20th-century historical memory.
King of Bohemia between 1611 and 1619, King of Hungary between 1608 and 1619, and Holy Roman Emperor between 1612 and 1619. His life was marked by a long rivalry with Emperor Rudolph II and an unsuccessful attempt to resolve the increasing religious conflicts in the Holy Roman Empire.
King of Bohemia, Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor between 1564 and 1576, known primarily for his religious tolerance.
A society founded in the 18th century in Herrnhut, Saxony, by immigrants from the Czech lands and in direct connection with the Bohemian Unity of Brethren. It significantly influenced the Evangelical reformation.
European conflict between 1803 and 1815 that significantly affected the Czech lands as well. Apart from the hardships of war, it also brought many political and economic changes to the Czech lands and introduced new ideas that significantly influenced the development of the Czech National Revival.
Czech political party in Austria-Hungary, in the last quarter of the 19th century a liberal alternative and main opponent to the Old Czech Party.
The most prominent Czech political party of the second half of the 19th century. For 30 years, it was the main political representative of the Czech people in Austria and Austria-Hungary.
Politician and historian. Author of the first synthesis of Czech history and leading figure of the National Revival in the 19th century. He was called “Father of the Nation” already in his lifetime.
A simile used in a situation when a person fails at something or something ends so badly and unfortunately that it could not be worse. It refers to a conflict between rebelling peasants and the imperial army on 26 March 1775.
Political, ideological and cultural regime after 1620. The period after the Battle of White Mountain was dominated by the Catholic confession and sacral culture and characterised by political absolutism and the reduction of Czech language and national idenitity.
Czech noblewoman originally from the Pernštejn family, called in her time “the first lady of the Kingdom of Bohemia”. Owing to her exceptional education, influence and wealth she accumulated, she was one of the most respectable figures of her time.
Comprehensive law codes issued in 1627 for Bohemia and in 1628 for Moravia, which legalised the revolutionary changes after the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt in the Battle of White Mountain.
Political and military struggle of inhabitants of the Austrian Empire in 1848–1849 for a fundamental political and social reform of the monarchy, in which the Czech movement appeared as a political factor for the first time.
One of the most important Czech politicians of the second half of the 19th century, economist and publicist. He is regarded as the political successor to František Palacký. His efforts to improve the position of the Czech people in the Habsburg state were largely unsuccessful.
A historical term for a fortified town that rulers gave to their consorts as a type of titular gift.
A prominent Czech noble family in the Middle Ages and early modern period. The lords of Rožmberk were owners of the largest estate in the Czech lands and their power and wealth often matched the kings of Bohemia themselves.
King of Bohemia between 1576 and 1611, King of Hungary between 1576 and 1608, Holy Roman Emperor between 1576 and 1612. His reign, characterised by a political decline, contrasted with an exceptional development of culture and science, is one of the most famous periods of Czech history.
The reign of Rudolf II, King of Bohemia and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. It is regarded as one of the high points of Czech history, associated with significant support to science, alchemy and art.
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